top of page
Search

Understanding EBV and the Efforts Toward a Vaccine


ree

What is EBV?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is one of the most common viruses in the world. In fact, about 90% of people will be infected with EBV at some point in their lives. Most people don’t even realize they’ve had it because symptoms are often mild or absent.

However, EBV can sometimes lead to health problems, including infectious mononucleosis (often called “mono” or “the kissing disease”), certain types of cancer, and autoimmune diseases.

How is EBV Spread?

  • Primarily through saliva, which is why it’s often called “the kissing disease.” It can also spread through sharing cups, utensils, or toothbrushes.

  • Less commonly, EBV can spread through blood, semen, or organ transplants.

What Are the Symptoms?

Many people have no symptoms, especially if infected during childhood. If symptoms appear, they may include:

  • Fatigue

  • Sore throat

  • Swollen lymph nodes

  • Fever

  • Enlarged spleen or liver (in some cases)

  • Skin rash

Teens and young adults are more likely to develop infectious mononucleosis, which can last for several weeks.

Can EBV Stay in the Body?

Yes. Once infected, EBV remains in your body for life. It stays in a dormant (inactive) state, but can sometimes reactivate—especially when your immune system is weakened.

What Diseases Are Linked to EBV?

EBV has been linked to a number of serious health conditions:

1. Infectious Mononucleosis ("Mono")

  • Common in teens and young adults.

  • Causes fatigue, swollen glands, and sore throat.

2. Cancers

  • Burkitt lymphoma

  • Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (a type of throat cancer)

  • Gastric cancer (stomach cancer)

3. Autoimmune Diseases

  • EBV may play a role in diseases like:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS)

    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

    • Rheumatoid arthritis

Is There a Vaccine for EBV?

Currently, there is no approved vaccine for EBV, but scientists are working hard to develop one.

Ongoing Research:

  • mRNA vaccines (like those used for COVID-19):Moderna is testing two EBV vaccines (mRNA-1189 and mRNA-1195) in clinical trials.

  • Nanoparticle-based vaccines:Designed to trigger stronger immune responses.

  • Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines:Mimic the shape of the virus to help the immune system recognize it.

Early results are promising in terms of safety and immune response. If successful, these vaccines could help prevent mono and reduce the risk of EBV-related cancers.

How Can I Protect Myself?

  • Avoid sharing cups, utensils, or toothbrushes.

  • Wash hands regularly.

  • Avoid close contact with people who have active symptoms (fever, sore throat, fatigue).

  • Keep your immune system strong through sleep, exercise, and a healthy diet.

Summary

EBV is extremely common and often harmless, but it can cause serious health issues in some people. While no vaccine is available yet, researchers are making exciting progress. Good hygiene and immune health are your best protection for now.

 
 
 

Comments

bottom of page